The presented article is devoted to a general analysis of trends in Chinese-Afghan trade and economic relations, based on statistical data on mutual trade and direct investment of the PRC in the economy of Afghanistan. In his assessment, the author proceeds from the strategic priorities of the PRC in its participation in the Afghan economy. But the problems of the issue are more complex and comprehensive, since the PRC’s special interest in Afghanistan is based on two aspects: logistics and directly economic. Of course, they are inseparable from the political aspect, which in the PRC is traditionally associated with economic ones (the so-called “economic expansion” of China in the world). Since Afghanistan is completely within the orbit of both geostrategic and economic interests of the PRC, it is important to understand what priorities the parties set for themselves. Materials and Methods. In writing the article, materials from scientists and ex-perts in the field of global economics, experts in economic relations between Af-ghanistan and foreign countries, and media sources were used. General scientific methods were used, including analysis, synthesis, comparison and juxtaposition. Results. The analysis result showed that China occupies a worthy position in Afghanistan's economic relations. Bilateral trade showed that the dynamics of export-import operations have high results from year to year, and the trade structure of the two countries is expanding from year to year. In addition, Chinese investment plays an important role in the country's economic and social development and in the implementation of strategically important projects. Discussion and Conclusion. Considering the current state of economic relations between Afghanistan and China, as well as the relations between the two countries after the Taliban came to power in Afghanistan, it can be said that the direction of bilateral relations has changed. Even if they are different from each other in terms of politics and governance, the development of economic relations between the two countries always remains an important aspect.