The article considers the flour milling industry as an integral element of the agro-industrial complex, on the effectiveness of which the food supply of the country and regions for bread and bread products depends. For Russia, grain farming, as before, is one of the leading areas in the structure of the agro-industrial complex, while the largest part of the grain grown in the country is exported as raw materials, and a significantly smaller proportion is processed. Despite this, the production of flour from cereals is an important area of the processing industry. The natural, climatic and logistical features of the country determine the formation of geographical zones for the production and processing of grain crops. The flour milling industry is also developing in the regions of active grain cultivation, since this approach reduces the cost of logistics of raw materials from production sites to processing sites. The study analyzed the geographical distribution of the development of the Russian flour milling industry in the context of obtaining the greatest economic effect on the example of a group of leading enterprises in the regions – large grain growing centers and, accordingly, local flour production, as well as in the regions – large sales markets in the period 2019-2023. In the course of the work, it was found that for enterprises of the milling industry, the factor of geographical location of production does not have a primary impact on the indicators of financial stability and efficiency of activities. This indicates that the results of activities are most determined by the production and economic characteristics of each particular enterprise and are not influenced by the industry factor. In the conditions of an established logistics system of the country, the organization of grain processing turns out to be more rational in close proximity to logistics centers and sales markets.