In order to maintain the sustainability of functioning, agricultural business entities, as one of the most risky areas of economic activity, should pay special attention to risk management. The research is devoted to the issues of risk assessment in the agricultural business. A review of the scientific literature made it possible to define risk in the agricultural business as the probability of events that could affect the results of an entity’s economic activity. The main groups of risks in the field of production and processing of agricultural products that may affect the development of the agricultural business have been clarified. The main methods based on which risk assessment is carried out in the field of agricultural business are identified. It has been revealed that the Russian agro-industrial complex does not pay due attention to risk assessment issues, and the actions of subjects in the framework of identifying uncertainty factors are mainly related to the analysis of business processes, since their resource provision does not allow the use of complex mathematical models. The specifics of risk assessment in the agricultural business have been clarified, including: dependence on natural and climatic conditions, seasonality of work, dependence on prices for raw materials, as well as financial vulnerability of producing entities. It is determined that in order to ensure the sustainable functioning of the agricultural sector, subjects should implement the principle of complexity and use the capabilities of several risk assessment methods at once to improve the accuracy of the results and further build a strategy for their development.