Formation of methodological approaches to creating a cartographic base for adaptive landscape farming at the microzonal level and assessment of the economic efficiency of their application

Denis Kholodov; Lidiya Smirnova

doi:10.55186/25876740_2026_69_6_776

VAK Russia 1.6.15 UDC 528.4 UDC 631.58 UDC 332.3

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FORMATION OF METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO CREATING A CARTOGRAPHIC BASE FOR ADAPTIVE LANDSCAPE FARMING AT THE MICROZONAL LEVEL AND ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF THEIR APPLICATION Formation of methodological approaches to creating a cartographic base for adaptive landscape farming at the microzonal level and assessment of the economic efficiency of their application

АА Аа

Published in INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL · Issue 6, 2026 · Pages 776–782 · Rubric: Land relations and land management

DOI: https://doi.org/10.55186/25876740_2026_69_6_776

Received: 15.08.2026 Accepted: 22.09.2026 Published: 14.10.2026 Language of publication: ru-RU

Authors

Denis Kholodov

ORCID SPIN

Lidiya Smirnova

ORCID SPIN

Denis Kholodov

Belgorod State National Research University postgraduate student · department of environmental management and land cadaster of the Institute of Earth Sciences · Russian Federation · Belgorod

ORCID SPIN

Lidiya Smirnova

Academic degree: doctor of sciences in biology

Science rang: professor

Belgorod State National Research University; Belgorod Federal Agricultural Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences professor of the department; scientific secretary · department of environmental management and land cadaster of the Institute of Earth Sciences · Russian Federation · Belgorod

ORCID SPIN

ABSTRACT

The present land use pattern of the Belgorod region is dominated by small farms: according to the 2021 agricultural micro-census, half of the peasant (farm) enterprises and individual entrepreneurs that possessed agricultural land held less than 100 hectares. For such farms, located on erosion-prone slope agrolandscapes, a conventional cartographic base at a scale of 1:5000 does not allow the identification of microgeomorphological elements or statistically significant microzones. The article proposes methodological approaches to the formation of a cartographic base for adaptive landscape farming at the microzonal level, comprising six successive stages, from aerial photography with unmanned aerial vehicles to the construction of microzone maps in geographic information systems and the monitoring of the decisions taken. The research was carried out in 2019-2025 on a slope working plot of 8.44 hectares at the experimental field farm of Division No. 2 of the Belgorod Federal Agricultural Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Belgorod district, Belgorod region). It was established that aerial photography provides a spatial resolution of 3-5 cm per pixel and a georeferencing accuracy meeting the requirements of the 1:500 scale. A comparative assessment of the labour intensity and cost of classical geodetic surveying and unmanned aerial surveying was performed: for a plot of 100 hectares, the field stage is reduced from 10-20 working days for a team of three or four specialists to 30-60 minutes for a single operator, and the cost of the work falls from 3-7 million roubles to 50-300 thousand roubles. For a model farm with 1000 hectares of arable land, of which 400 hectares lie on erosion-prone slopes, the one-time expenditure on the cartographic base amounts to 900 thousand roubles, the annual saving of fertilisers to 1.6 million roubles, and the total annual effect including the yield increase to 4.8 million roubles, with a payback period of 0.19-0.56 years. It was established that the application of NPK raises the yield of winter wheat of the Almera variety on the slope plot from 3.15 to 4.16 t per hectare, that is, by 32 %, compensating for about half of the gap relative to the watershed plot. Mechanisms for improving the economic accessibility of the technology for small farms are proposed.

KEYWORDS

cartographic base, digital elevation model, unmanned aerial vehicles, adaptive landscape farming, precision agriculture, microzoning, erosion agrolandscapes, peasant (farm) enterprises, geographic information systems, economic efficiency

Funding

The research was carried out within the framework of the State assignment of the Belgorod Federal Agricultural Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, topic No. FGNF-2022-0002 "Comprehensive assessment and monitoring of the spatial distribution of fertility indicators in the soils of representative erosion landscapes", R&D registration number 123022200075-6.

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Literary Editor

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GOST

Kholodov D. V., Smirnova L. G. Formation of methodological approaches to creating a cartographic base for adaptive landscape farming at the microzonal level and assessment of the economic efficiency of their application // INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL. 2026. no. 6. pp. 776-782. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55186/25876740_2026_69_6_776. (Date of access 11.11.2026).

MLA

Denis Kholodov, Smirnova L. G.. "Formation of methodological approaches to creating a cartographic base for adaptive landscape farming at the microzonal level and assessment of the economic efficiency of their application." INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL.6 (2026): 776-782. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55186/25876740_2026_69_6_776.

APA

Kholodov D. V., Smirnova L. G. (2026). Formation of methodological approaches to creating a cartographic base for adaptive landscape farming at the microzonal level and assessment of the economic efficiency of their application. INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL(6), 776-782. https://doi.org/10.55186/25876740_2026_69_6_776

Chicago

Denis Kholodov, Smirnova L. G.. "Formation of methodological approaches to creating a cartographic base for adaptive landscape farming at the microzonal level and assessment of the economic efficiency of their application." INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL, no. 6 (2026): 776-782. https://doi.org/10.55186/25876740_2026_69_6_776.

WIKI

{{cite journal | author = Kholodov D. V., Smirnova L. G. | title = Formation of methodological approaches to creating a cartographic base for adaptive landscape farming at the microzonal level and assessment of the economic efficiency of their application | journal = INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL | year = 2026 | issue = 6 | pages = 776-782 | doi = 10.55186/25876740_2026_69_6_776 }}

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