In this article special economic zones as one of mechanisms of optimization of economic space of regions are considered. The purpose of their creation is need of acceleration of development of high-tech industries which have to become "growth points" for Russian regions, that base on the basis of which competitive production will be made. The similar form of the organization of space of regions significantly increases possibilities of the solution of many strategic problems, including creation and development of the knowledge-intensive productions, providing favorable conditions for attraction of foreign investments, increase in the standard of living of citizens.